*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth}body{color:#18243e;background:#fff;margin:0;font:17px/1.65 Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif}img{max-width:100%;height:auto;display:block}a{color:#244cc4;text-underline-offset:4px}a:hover{text-decoration-thickness:2px}a:focus-visible,button:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible{outline-offset:5px;outline:3px solid #6b46cf}button{font:inherit}h1,h2,h3{letter-spacing:-.045em;margin-top:0;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;line-height:1.12}h1{font-size:clamp(2.5rem,5vw,4.7rem)}h2{font-size:2rem}h3{font-size:1.4rem}.container{width:min(100% - 64px,1248px);margin-inline:auto}.eyebrow{letter-spacing:.12em;color:#244cc4;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.5}.skip-link{z-index:100;background:#fff;padding:12px;position:fixed;top:-80px;left:20px}.skip-link:focus{top:10px}.journal-strip{color:#fff;letter-spacing:.09em;background:#17274c;padding:8px 0;font-size:12px}.journal-strip .container{justify-content:space-between;display:flex}.journal-strip a{color:#fff;letter-spacing:0}.magazine-masthead{justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:20px;padding:30px 0;display:flex}.brand img{object-fit:contain;width:300px;height:64px}.magazine-masthead>p{letter-spacing:.13em;color:#53617b;text-align:right;margin:0;font-size:12px;line-height:1.7}.magazine-masthead strong{color:#18243e;font-size:13px}.technical-nav{border-block:1px solid #d5dced;border-bottom:3px solid #244cc4}.technical-nav .container{justify-content:space-between;display:flex}.technical-nav a{color:#18243e;align-items:center;gap:12px;padding:16px 0;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;display:flex}.technical-nav a span{color:#6b46cf;font-size:11px}.technical-nav a:hover,.technical-nav a[aria-current]{color:#244cc4}.menu-toggle{display:none}.issue-feature{grid-template-columns:1fr 300px;align-items:start;gap:72px;padding:56px 0 52px;display:grid}.feature-heading h1{letter-spacing:-.055em;max-width:17ch;margin:22px 0 26px;font-size:clamp(3rem,5.25vw,5.15rem);font-weight:800;line-height:1.02}.feature-heading h1 span{color:#6b46cf;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-style:italic;font-weight:400}.feature-deck{color:#53617b;max-width:42rem;margin:0 0 26px;font-size:19px}.blue-link{border-bottom:2px solid #244cc4;gap:24px;padding-bottom:8px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex}.diagram-panel{background:#f0f3fc;border-top:4px solid #6b46cf;padding:18px 20px 14px}.panel-caption{letter-spacing:.07em;color:#53617b;justify-content:space-between;gap:8px;font-size:10px;font-weight:700;display:flex}.diagram-panel>a{color:#18243e;text-decoration:none;display:block}.diagram-panel img{background:#fff;width:220px;margin:20px auto}.diagram-panel a>span{font-size:16px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;display:block}.diagram-panel>p{color:#53617b;margin:10px 0 0;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5}.process-ribbon{background:#f0f3fc;border-block:1px solid #d5dced}.process-ribbon .container{letter-spacing:.14em;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:20px;padding:19px 0;font-size:11px;font-weight:700;display:flex}.technical-library{grid-template-columns:280px 1fr;gap:64px;padding:58px 0;display:grid}.process-taxonomy h2{margin:12px 0;font-size:2.1rem}.process-taxonomy>p:not(.eyebrow){color:#53617b;font-size:16px}.process-taxonomy ol{counter-reset:topics;padding:0;list-style:none}.process-taxonomy li{counter-increment:topics;border-top:1px solid #d5dced;padding:22px 0}.process-taxonomy li:before{content:"0" counter(topics);color:#6b46cf;margin-bottom:7px;font-size:12px;display:block}.process-taxonomy li a{color:#18243e;justify-content:space-between;gap:14px;font-size:18px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.3;text-decoration:none;display:flex}.process-taxonomy li p{color:#53617b;margin:10px 0 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.5}.reading-heading{border-bottom:3px solid #18243e;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:18px;padding-bottom:14px;display:flex}.reading-heading h2{margin:0;font-size:1.55rem}.reading-heading>a{font-size:13px}.article-card{border-bottom:1px solid #d5dced;padding:27px 0}.article-card>a{color:inherit;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 128px;gap:28px;text-decoration:none;display:grid}.article-card img{aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;background:#f0f3fc;width:128px}.article-card h3{letter-spacing:-.025em;margin:9px 0 11px;font-size:1.45rem;line-height:1.2}.article-card-body>p:not(.card-topic){color:#53617b;margin:0 0 14px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.6}.card-topic{letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#244cc4;margin:0;font-size:10px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4}.card-action{color:#244cc4;font-size:12px;font-weight:700}.card-action>span{margin-left:16px}.article-card a:hover h3{color:#244cc4}.evidence-note{border-top:1px solid #d5dced;grid-template-columns:280px 1fr;gap:18px 64px;padding:45px 0 65px;display:grid}.evidence-note h2{margin:0;font-size:2.2rem}.evidence-note>p{color:#53617b;grid-column:2;max-width:45rem;margin:0}.evidence-note>a{grid-column:2;justify-self:start}.site-footer{color:#fff;background:#17274c;border-top:7px solid #6b46cf;margin-top:35px}.footer-top{grid-template-columns:1fr 340px;gap:100px;padding-block:54px;display:grid}.site-footer .eyebrow{color:#c7c5ff}.footer-top h2{font-size:2.6rem}.site-footer a{color:#fff}.footer-library{font-size:15px}.footer-description img{width:260px}.footer-description p{color:#d1dcf1;margin-top:25px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.6}.footer-bottom{border-top:1px solid #54617f;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:24px;padding-block:24px;display:flex}.footer-bottom nav{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px 25px;font-size:13px;display:flex}.footer-bottom>p{white-space:nowrap;font-size:12px}.breadcrumbs{color:#53617b;margin:25px 0;font-size:12px}.breadcrumbs ol{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:7px;padding:0;list-style:none;display:flex}.breadcrumbs li+li:before{content:"/";color:#8493ad;margin-right:7px}.breadcrumbs a{color:inherit}.archive-page{padding-bottom:48px}.archive-heading{max-width:60rem;padding:25px 0 30px}.archive-heading h1{margin:16px 0 24px}.archive-heading>p:last-child{color:#53617b;font-size:20px}.archive-topics{border-block:1px solid #d5dced;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px 30px;padding:20px 0;font-size:14px;display:flex}.archive-list{max-width:950px}.archive-list .article-card{padding:34px 0}.archive-list .article-card>a{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 200px;gap:60px}.archive-list .article-card img{aspect-ratio:3/2;width:200px}.archive-list h3{font-size:2rem}.category-page{padding-top:35px;padding-bottom:45px}.topic-banner{background:#f0f3fc;border-left:7px solid #244cc4;padding:38px 46px}.topic-number{letter-spacing:.15em;color:#6b46cf;margin:0 0 26px;font-size:13px}.topic-banner .eyebrow{display:none}.topic-banner h1{max-width:18ch;margin:0 0 20px}.standfirst{color:#53617b;max-width:47rem;margin:0;font-size:21px}.topic-reading{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 360px;gap:70px;padding-top:45px;display:grid}.category-intro{min-width:0;font-size:18px}.category-intro>p:first-child{margin-top:0}.category-intro h2{margin-top:35px;font-size:1.7rem}.topic-articles>.eyebrow{border-bottom:3px solid #244cc4;margin-top:0;padding-bottom:12px}.topic-articles .article-card>a{grid-template-columns:1fr 86px;gap:18px}.topic-articles .article-card img{width:86px}.topic-articles .article-card h3{font-size:1.25rem}.topic-articles .article-card-body>p:not(.card-topic){font-size:16px}.article{padding-bottom:45px}.article-header{border-bottom:1px solid #d5dced;max-width:1060px;margin-bottom:38px;padding:20px 0 38px}.article-meta{color:#53617b;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:baseline;gap:14px;margin:0 0 23px;font-size:13px;display:flex}.article-meta>a{letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:12px;font-weight:700}.article-header h1{max-width:23ch;margin:0 0 25px;font-size:clamp(2.4rem,4.4vw,4.3rem)}.article-lead{color:#53617b;max-width:860px;margin:0;font-size:21px;line-height:1.55}.article-body-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,780px) minmax(230px,1fr);align-items:start;gap:65px;display:grid}.article-body{min-width:0;font-size:18px;line-height:1.8}.article-body>p:first-child{margin-top:0;font-size:21px;line-height:1.65}.article-body h2{letter-spacing:-.03em;margin:45px 0 18px;scroll-margin-top:24px;font-size:1.95rem}.article-body h3{margin-top:35px;font-size:1.4rem}.article-body p{margin:21px 0}.article-body li{margin:10px 0}.article-body figure{max-width:100%;margin:30px 0}.article-body figure img{width:100%;height:auto}.article-body figure img[src$=\.svg]{object-fit:contain;background:#fff;max-height:800px}.article-body figcaption{color:#53617b;border-left:3px solid #6b46cf;margin-top:12px;padding-left:14px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.6}.article-rail{border-top:4px solid #244cc4;padding-top:15px;position:sticky;top:25px}.article-rail>.eyebrow{margin-top:0}.table-of-contents{font-size:14px;line-height:1.5}.toc-title{font-weight:700}.table-of-contents ul{padding:0;list-style:none}.table-of-contents li{border-bottom:1px solid #d5dced;padding:9px 0}.table-of-contents a{color:#18243e;text-decoration:none}.toc-depth-3{padding-left:15px!important}.rail-note{background:#f0f3fc;margin-top:28px;padding:22px;font-size:16px}.rail-note p{color:#53617b}.rail-note a{font-size:13px}.table-wrap{border:1px solid #d5dced;width:100%;margin:28px 0;overflow-x:auto}table{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left;width:100%;font-size:16px;line-height:1.6}th,td{vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #d5dced;padding:16px 18px}thead{background:#f0f3fc}tbody th{min-width:120px}.category-intro table{font-size:16px}.article-sources,.faq,.article-tags{max-width:780px;margin:40px 0 0}.article-sources{border-top:4px solid #18243e;padding-top:25px}.article-sources li{margin:14px 0}.article-sources a{overflow-wrap:anywhere}.article-tags{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px;font-size:14px;display:flex}.article-tags a{background:#f0f3fc;padding:6px 12px}.related-articles{border-top:1px solid #d5dced;max-width:780px;margin-top:55px;padding-top:30px}.faq details{border-block:1px solid #d5dced;padding:16px}.faq summary{cursor:pointer;font-weight:700}.page{max-width:850px;padding-block:55px 65px}.page h1{border-bottom:4px solid #244cc4;padding-bottom:30px}.page p{font-size:18px;line-height:1.85}.page h2{margin-top:40px;font-size:1.7rem}.section{padding-block:36px}main>.container>h1{margin-top:35px}@media (width<=1000px){.technical-nav a{font-size:12px}.issue-feature{grid-template-columns:1fr 270px;gap:35px}.feature-heading h1{font-size:3.6rem}.technical-library{grid-template-columns:240px 1fr;gap:35px}.evidence-note{grid-template-columns:240px 1fr;gap:24px 35px}.article-body-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 230px;gap:35px}.topic-reading{grid-template-columns:1fr 290px;gap:35px}.footer-top{gap:50px}}@media (width<=700px){body{font-size:16px}.container{width:calc(100% - 36px)}.journal-strip{letter-spacing:.04em;font-size:9px}.journal-strip a{font-size:10px}.magazine-masthead{gap:10px;padding:19px 0}.brand img{width:225px;height:auto}.magazine-masthead>p{display:none}.menu-toggle{color:#18243e;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d5dced;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:8px;font-size:12px;display:flex}.menu-toggle span{font-size:19px}.technical-nav{border-top:0}.technical-nav .container{display:none}.technical-nav.is-open .container{flex-direction:column;padding:8px 0;display:flex}.technical-nav a{padding:12px;font-size:16px}.issue-feature{padding:32px 0;display:block}.feature-heading h1{margin:20px 0;font-size:44px;line-height:1.04}.feature-deck{font-size:17px}.blue-link{gap:12px;font-size:14px}.diagram-panel{margin-top:32px;padding:17px 22px}.diagram-panel>a{grid-template-columns:135px 1fr;align-items:center;gap:20px;display:grid}.diagram-panel img{width:135px;margin:15px 0}.diagram-panel a>span{font-size:17px}.diagram-panel>p{margin:0}.process-ribbon .container{letter-spacing:.03em;gap:8px;padding:15px 0;font-size:8px}.technical-library{flex-direction:column;gap:32px;padding:35px 0;display:flex}.process-taxonomy h2{font-size:2rem}.process-taxonomy ol{margin-bottom:0}.process-taxonomy li{padding:16px 0}.process-taxonomy li:before{margin-right:12px;display:inline}.process-taxonomy li a{font-size:17px;display:inline}.process-taxonomy li a span{margin-left:12px}.process-taxonomy li p{margin-left:30px}.reading-heading h2{font-size:1.4rem}.reading-heading>a{font-size:12px}.article-card>a{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 88px;gap:16px}.article-card img{width:88px}.article-card h3{font-size:1.3rem}.article-card-body>p:not(.card-topic){font-size:16px}.evidence-note{padding:32px 0 40px;display:block}.evidence-note h2{margin:20px 0;font-size:1.8rem}.evidence-note>p{margin-bottom:22px;font-size:16px}.footer-top{padding-block:35px;display:block}.footer-top h2{font-size:2.1rem}.footer-description{max-width:320px;margin-top:40px}.footer-bottom{padding-block:25px;display:block}.footer-bottom nav{gap:12px 20px}.footer-bottom>p{margin-top:25px}.archive-heading h1{font-size:2.6rem}.archive-heading>p:last-child{font-size:18px}.archive-list .article-card>a{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 88px;gap:16px}.archive-list .article-card img{aspect-ratio:1;width:88px}.archive-list h3{font-size:1.35rem}.archive-topics{gap:12px;font-size:14px}.topic-banner{border-left-width:5px;padding:26px 23px}.topic-banner h1{font-size:2.6rem}.standfirst{font-size:18px}.topic-number{margin-bottom:20px;font-size:11px}.topic-reading{padding-top:30px;display:block}.category-intro{font-size:17px;overflow-x:auto}.category-intro th,.category-intro td{min-width:155px;padding:12px}.topic-articles{margin-top:35px}.article-header{margin-bottom:28px;padding:10px 0 28px}.article-header h1{font-size:2.4rem}.article-meta{gap:9px}.article-lead{font-size:18px}.article-body-grid{flex-direction:column;gap:30px;display:flex}.article-body{max-width:100%;font-size:17px}.article-body>p:first-child{font-size:19px}.article-body h2{font-size:1.6rem}.article-body figure{overflow-x:auto}.article-body figure img[src$=\.svg]{width:100%;min-width:0;max-width:100%;max-height:none}.article-body figcaption{max-width:calc(100vw - 36px);font-size:13px;position:sticky;left:0}.article-body table{min-width:600px}.article-rail{width:100%;position:static}.article-sources,.faq,.article-tags{max-width:100%}.article-sources h2{font-size:1.6rem}.article-sources ul{padding-left:20px}.page{padding-block:35px 45px}.page h1{font-size:2.5rem}.page p{font-size:17px}h2{font-size:1.7rem}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}}